Il Summit dell’8 - 10 luglio è la conclusione di un processo negoziale che si è svolto negli ultimi dodici mesi. Per quanti hanno seguito il percorso preparatorio, era evidente che il Summit correva il rischio di un fallimento clamoroso rispetto al compito che gli otto grandi sarebbero stati chiamati a affrontare: dare un segnale concreto del fatto che i Paesi più ricchi sono consapevoli del destino comune del mondo intero, che oggi deve affrontare le conseguenze di più crisi, or the financial, food and environment.
The crisis of credibility of the G8 was then fed by deep changes in the framework of international balances, where it is clear that there is increasingly active in emerging countries, including major powers such as Brazil, China and India. A crisis of credibility that has taken the shape of a c ompetizione between vertices and sizes : G8 vs G20, and vice versa. In this context, the Italian presidency did not seem to have the authority needed to deal with a difficult task: the business card had been cut by 56% of resources for poverty alleviation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, its early 2009.
concern for the future of the G8 are certainly not exceeded, but the fiasco was avoided. In particular, this summit will come out important signals on multiple fronts.
The summit of L'Aquila has launched an initiative dedicated to food safety . This is a result that is the conclusion of a process initiated by starting ' appeal by FAO in June 2008 for urgent action to beat the food crisis and reverse the trend of the past twelve months, in which more than are over 100 million people below the hunger and poverty. This initiative has taken shape in an ad hoc declaration, the contents of which were under discussion at the last minute. The initiative of President Obama gave a decisive boost. The statement was signed by all the delegations attending the Summit and not only by eight.
The Declaration provides that in the next three years are spent $ 20 billion in aid to agriculture, food security and sustainable agricultural development . It 's a poor goal : FAO estimates that 30 billion dollars a year needed to assure everyone the right to food, according Actionaid, the G8 countries should contribute 23 billion dollars per year to reach this goal, according to their economic weight . These are commitments to the significance of the budgets of major industrialized countries, which in recent months have invested tens of thousands of billions in response to the financial crisis.
must also be acknowledged that the agreement reached in Aquila puts food security at the heart of the issue of investment in the agricultural sector, which in the past twenty years have passed since 17% of total aid to around 3% .
There are contradictions in the position agreed at the Summit, as in the case of India as a market essential lever to address the fight against hunger and at the same time, the reference to the right and proper role of small producers , which are a key player as they are in the forefront of the community who suffer from hunger. There is no lack of transparency also doubts about these commitments, meaning that we monitor what resources will be properly accounted , and then will actually be taken into account only those for agriculture, or rather not be accounted for even emergency food aid, that right thing, but different in terms of agricultural development. There are also plenty of concern, but there are also positive elements, from which we can continue to work in the coming months.
In terms of climate change, G8 has agreed to reach a 80% reduction in emissions by 2050, and supporting a global reduction of 50% . This articulation of objectives - those adopted by the G8 countries and those that must be shared with the rest of the international community - reflecting the ' absence of a comprehensive agreement on long-term results . In this respect, note the position of developing countries, who claim not to be subjected to conditions that hinder their economic growth. The Summit as a whole has failed completely, both the G8 and all the countries present in L'Aquila, identifying milestones , on which was also felt in those days the voice of non-governmental organizations (a 40% reduction by 2020 ).
In terms of climate change, a positive trend is the ' global agreement reached on the threshold increase of 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrialization in order to contain global warming, and from this we can start to try to reach an agreement at the climate change conference in Copenhagen, which will be held in December under the auspices the United Nations. Wholly inadequate is the result of the Summit on the resources required to mitigate and combat the implications of climate change, for which official documents are limited to requiring the commitment of the international community without setting specific commitments. The front of
aid to Africa is among those who have raised major concerns because the summit is limited to restating the commitments made in the 2005 Summit , in which it was agreed to bring resources to the African continent to 50 billion dollars a year by 2010. International organizations have highlighted the delays in relation to this objective (nel 2008 mancavano ancora 20 miliardi di dollari), ma dal Vertice non sono giunti segnali incoraggianti (ad esempio, piani completi dell’indicazione dei tempi di esborso). Il G8 ha, d’altro canto, lanciato un segnale positivo pubblicando rapporti di verifica su quanto è stato fatto in questi ultimi anni nel campo dell’alimentazione, dell’educazione, della salute e dell’acqua . Da questi documenti emerge con chiarezza il fatto che i diversi Paesi operano spesso con metodologie differenti e può essere difficile capire fino in fondo la portata delle iniziative annunciate e intraprese; il G8 è oggi un po’ più trasparente, un elemento che cercheremo di utilizzare nella nostra azione di awareness and pressure.
Italy has not, during the Summit, the signals need to be credible in its initiative. In particular, missed the announcement of the plan to realign the Italian co-operation with European objectives, to deliver aid from the current 0.22% to 0.51% of national wealth by 2010 and 0.7% by 2015, . The possibility of this plan were positively expressed the Foreign Minister of Finance is one, but there has been no final announcement by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister has instead taken a solemn pledge at the press conference on July 9 the payment rate for 2009 to the Global Fund to fight HIV Tuberculosis and Malaria: 130 million € by "the end of the month" . still missing the call for clarification on what the Italian side of the 20 billion dollars for agriculture , there are statements that give our country a commitment of $ 450 million, but it is still unclear whether the new resources that will at least offset the cuts introduced by the financial year.
avoided the fiasco, the G8 has just built a road that will be covered by commitments at the national level and at the forthcoming international forums, from the top G20 September in Pittsburgh.
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